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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Dairy industry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Dairy industry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Молочная промышленность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1019-8946</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6ad04db5f4b84438cf2eeb62</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/1019-8946-2026-5-101</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">AGDKVI</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Yeast Viability and Molecular Detectability in Direct-Vat-Set Starter Cultures Used for Kefir Production</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Оценка жизнеспособности и молекулярной детектируемости дрожжей в заквасках прямого внесения для производства кефирных напитков</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1491-7423</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коваль</surname>
       <given-names>Дарья Дмитриевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Koval</surname>
       <given-names>Daria D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>d_koval@vnimi.org</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-9661</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лазарева</surname>
       <given-names>Екатерина Германовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lazareva</surname>
       <given-names>Ekaterina G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ратайчук</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rataychuk</surname>
       <given-names>Victor A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6106-6088</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хан</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khan</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksej V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Баженова</surname>
       <given-names>Екатерина Денисовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bazhenova</surname>
       <given-names>Ekaterina D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-14T21:00:00+00:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-14T21:00:00+00:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <fpage>42</fpage>
   <lpage>48</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-12T21:00:00+00:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-14T21:00:00+00:00">
     <day>14</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Коваль Д.Д., Лазарева Е.Г., Ратайчук В.А., Хан А.В., Баженова Е.Д.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Koval D.D., Lazareva E.G., Rataychuk V.A., Khan A.V., Bazhenova E.D.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваль Дарья Дмитриевна, Лазарева Екатерина Германовна, Ратайчук Виктор Александрович, Хан Алексей Владимирович, Баженова Екатерина Денисовна</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koval Daria D., Lazareva Ekaterina G., Rataychuk Victor A., Khan Aleksej V., Bazhenova Ekaterina D.</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/publications/article/6ad04db5f4b84438cf2eeb62/yeast-viability-and-molecular-detectability-in-direct-vat-set-starter-cultures-used-for-kefir-production/view">https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/publications/article/6ad04db5f4b84438cf2eeb62/yeast-viability-and-molecular-detectability-in-direct-vat-set-starter-cultures-used-for-kefir-production/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Для производства кефирных напитков применяются закваски прямого внесения, однако наличие и жизнеспособность дрожжевого компонента, входящего в их состав и определяющего характерные органолептические свойства продукта, могут варьироваться. Дрожжи обеспечивают характерные процессы смешанного брожения и формирование соответствующих органолептических свойств, однако нормативные требования к их составу в заквасках прямого внесения детализированы недостаточно, а методы контроля ограничиваются культуральными подходами. В связи с этим оценка жизнеспособности и молекулярной выявляемости дрожжей представляется актуальной задачей. Целью работы являлась оценка наличия, жизнеспособности и молекулярной детектируемости дрожжевого компонента в коммерческих заквасках прямого внесения, применяемых при производстве кефирных напитков, с целью выявления возможных расхождений между заявленным и фактическим составом заквасок и оценки достаточности существующих методов контроля. Объектами исследования послужили пять образцов коммерчески доступных лиофилизированных заквасок. Количество дрожжей определяли методом посева на агар Сабуро с хлорамфениколом с последующим подсчетом колониеобразующих единиц. Для молекулярной детекции выделяли ДНК и проводили амплификацию ITS-региона рибосомальной ДНК с использованием праймеров ITS1F/ITS2R. Продукты амплификации анализировали методом электрофореза в агарозном геле. Жизнеспособные дрожжи выявлены в трех из пяти образцов (2,8 × 10⁵ – 6,2 × 10⁸ КОЕ/г), в двух образцах рост отсутствовал. При этом в одном из них методом ПЦР было обнаружено наличие дрожжевой ДНК, что может указывать на присутствие как нежизнеспособных, так и клеток с VBNC-статусом (viable but non-culturable), не выявляемых культуральным методом. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о существенных различиях в численности дрожжей в коммерческих заквасках&#13;
прямого внесения и подчеркивают ограниченность применения культуральных методов. Совместное использование микробиологических и молекулярных подходов позволяет более полно оценивать состояние заквасочной микробиоты.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Kefir beverages require direct-vat-set starter cultures, and their sensory properties depend directly on the yeast. Yeasts provide mixed fermentation and develop the corresponding sensory characteristics. However, regulatory requirements for direct-vat-set starters remain insufficiently detailed, and control methods are mostly limited to culture-based approaches. Therefore, assessing yeast viability and molecular detectability is a relevant research task. This study compared five commercial lyophilized starter cultures. Yeast counts were determined by plating on Sabouraud agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, followed by counting the number of colony-forming units. Molecular detection involved a DNA analysis with the ribosomal DNA ITS region amplified using ITS1F/ITS2R primers. The amplification products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Viable yeasts appeared in three of the five samples (2.8 × 10⁵ – 6.2 × 10⁸ CFU/g). The remaining two samples showed no growth, yet one of them was found to contain yeast DNA detected by PCR. Probably, these non-viable cells or cells in a VBNC (viable but non-culturable) state could not be detected by culture-based methods. The results confirmed the variability in the yeast component of commercial direct-vat-set starter cultures but demonstrated the insufficiency of culturebased methods. The combined use of microbiological and molecular approaches provided a more comprehensive assessment of the starter microbiota.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>закваски прямого внесения</kwd>
    <kwd>кефирные напитки</kwd>
    <kwd>дрожжи</kwd>
    <kwd>ITS</kwd>
    <kwd>ПЦР</kwd>
    <kwd>жизнеспособность</kwd>
    <kwd>контроль качества</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>direct-vat-set starter cultures</kwd>
    <kwd>kefir</kwd>
    <kwd>yeasts</kwd>
    <kwd>ITS</kwd>
    <kwd>PCR</kwd>
    <kwd>viability</kwd>
    <kwd>quality control</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена в рамках государственного задания FNSS-2025-0002.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication was prepared as part of the state assignment FNSS-2025-0002.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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